Entreprenuership Charles Keith - 3053 Words

Title: The journey of a successful entrepreneur Assignment topic: Select an entrepreneur who has had measurable success with at least one venture. The situation involved could be a new business venture, a new product or a new process but it should represent a significantly new direction for the entrepreneur. Write a short report about what happened and how it confirms or disconfirms the principles in your textbook, emphasising: * The historical background and environmental conditions that led to its emergence * A description of the approach, attitudes and behaviour towards the innovation. * The strategies that were employed and which ones contributed most to the innovation’s success. Word Count: 2,439words†¦show more content†¦In 1996, the brothers, Charles and Keith started out their first shoe store in Amara Shopping Centre based in the financial district in Singapore (‘From dream to reality’, 2007). 3. Approach, Attitudes and Behaviour I have identified the main approaches that I believe Charles took towards his business, mainly covered in the macro and the micro view. 3.1 Macro view Under the macro view Kuratko examines how there are a broad array of factors that can relate to success or failure in ventures. This includes external processes that are sometimes beyond the control of the individual entrepreneur, for they exhibit a strong external locus of control point of view. This approach, focuses on events from the outside looking in (Kuratko 2009, p.9). Three schools of thoughts represented by Kuratko in the macro view include environmental, financial and displacement schools of thoughts (Kuratko 2009, p.9). I believe that Charles was mainly influenced by the displacement theory in which Kuratko says that simply â€Å"bad times† can create the foundation for entrepreneurial pursuits (Kuratko 2009, p.10). 3.1.1 Displacement Theory Kuratko discusses that entrepreneurs concerned with the economic variations of recession and depression, job loss can inspire entrepreneurs to find their own paths (Kuratko 2009, p.10). Kuratko notes that

The Field Of Social Psychology - 1104 Words

Introduction When we first meet a stranger, skin pigment, and wardrobe are two significant traits, which we used to formulate a first impression. How wardrobe style and ethnicity is used in establishing impressions and creating attributions and societal class has excessive implication for understanding and stimulating prejudice and discrimination. â€Å" The field of social psychology has a vast literature related to person perception, attribution, categorization, and impression formation† (Davis Lennon, 1988;Gilovich, Keltner, Nisbett, 2011). In this experiment based on a person perception we’ll examining the combination of wardrobe fashion, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. In the Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied titled Categorization in first Impressions Lennon and Davis stated, â€Å"Research on clothing related to social perception, categorization, impression formation and attribution theory can be interpreted from a social cognitive perceptiveâ€Å"( 438). Throughout the past have stood voluminous attention-grabbing reports cogitating the effect of clothing on the adjudications of strangers. Johnson, Francis, and Burns in 2007 explain when the importance of clothing and appearance emphasis variables in revealing â€Å" a person personality† (232) and also stated that â€Å" People purposely select different types of clothing to wear in different types of social context† (232). In the study the prediction for the result will be that the Caucasian model would beShow MoreRelatedThe Field Of Social Psychology1378 Words   |  6 PagesIn the field of Social Psychology, numerous studies have been made about different types of behavior and what causes humans to act a certain way. There are also different specific types of behavior that have been studied, such as aggression. One important study made about signs and effects of aggression would be Stanford University’s Dr. Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison. 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This paper presents with an overview of social psychology by addressing its central themes, strengths, limitations, relevance, and the significance of cultural considerations. Central themes Three central themes are apparent in social psychology research. These themesRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology : Understanding And Theoretical Understanding1573 Words   |  7 Pages Developmental Psychology also can be thought as how a person develops though out their life. Developmental Psychology started out being concerned with earliest stage of a child now it has broadened to add teenagers, adult, and the whole life of a person. Developmental psychology consider development over a wide area of issues like motor skill, emotional intellectual associated with topics like problem solving, moral understanding and theoretical understanding. From the beginning of birth to

The Effects of Video Games Free Essays

Video games effects on social life Many people have always been looking for some type of entertainment, and it has been through many forms, from playing with toys, to playing cards, to playing sports, and etc. However, nowadays with so much access to technology and everything that it offers. Various entertainments are way more exciting and sophisticated. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Video Games or any similar topic only for you Order Now Among the new electronic inventions, the 21 the century has revealed video games, a new exhilaration creating a virtual word on computers, on TV and different platforms like smartness. Which can be very useful in a dull, vague or boring situation. Video games have turned to be an amazing source of entertainment because of their diversity, their innovation, and their capacity to be so close to the reality. It has been shown that video games were developing skills for gamers and were a great social instrument. Nevertheless, videotapes have always been a subject of controversy and seen by a lot of people/parent’s as dangerous and a bad influence, causing addiction, bad behaviors, or even violence, which is true! However there are many Positive effects as well. In this essay I will explain the causes and effects of video games on an individual such as myself; and how I tend to abuse good things without moderation. I state many opinions that embrace new technologies and see it as a great social instrument; But overall explaining how playing Video games can create and cause some positive and negative effects on my lifestyle. The usefulness of good things has always been a problem for me, causing me to drift and abuse certain things, which is becoming a self-disciplinary problem, not to mention creating dictions. An addiction can be defined by a physical or psychological need for a habit-forming substance. And that substance for me is playing video games, so in other words playing video games gives me the comfort and excitement that I need. But also distracting and causing me to develop badly habits but however, is that a good or bad thing? Many times it creates bad habits and causes me to develop laziness, affecting my schoolwork or work performance. Consequently, I tend to lack assignments and time management, for instance, turning in my assignments late or implementing them at the last minute because I’m up all night trying to complete a level on a certain game and when I start a new level I can’t sleep until its completed. So for several cases I would say it’s a bad thing. In some cases playing video games gets out of control because I tend avoid many social activities with my family and friends because it has most of my have my attention. Once I’m in my gaming habitat its hard to pull me away from it. It’s sort of like a drug. At times I feel as if I am in the game and I can’t get out. Sometime my family and friends don’t call me to do social activities because they think my answer is always going to be no! Although, Sometimes it aggravates me because there are times where I’m not playing video games and I want to go out and the times I call them to go out they say there busy. So avoid social activities; it creates a mental warfare and selfishness, affecting me in negative ways for to perform, succeed, pursue, and socialize. As a basketball player, I personally play a lot of video games to keep my mind â€Å"in the game† and still having a ay to practice while I am resting. Video games are a great entertainment source to me, it helps me learn and develop different skills. However some games are a great simulator of life and are really efficient for athletes with games like NAB K, FIFE, and Madden Football sometimes giving me the ability to learn and then go out there and practice. Because it creates self-motivation, causing an athlete like myself to get better. They develop notably a better hand/eye coordination, a high level of focus, repetition, and fundamentals Thus having some positive effects. In conclusion I say that I really enjoy playing video games and I definitely think it is an amazing creation, I am still wondering how people can be able to create such a sophisticated entertainment and I am also totally aware of the risks that I take. And I know the feeling of wanting to play a little bit more and ending going to bed at Sam while I have to wake up at 8 to go to school the same morning. I am learning to overcome my addictions and bad habits and evolve in the smart way and apply simple solutions that I intake and maybe help people with similar problems. How to cite The Effects of Video Games, Papers

Birth Order Paper Outline free essay sample

Birth Order I. Introduction a. Have you ever wondered why your older sister would try to play parent to you growing up? Or how about your baby brother that did just about anything to get the attention of anyone and everyone who would listen? b. People talk about how â€Å"the baby† is or how that middle child more often than not has earned that title of the â€Å"black sheep† of the family. c. The birth order theory seems strange at first, I know when I mention it, I get the weirdest looks!But in reality, once you understand how the birth order works, it is very easy to apply it to your family, friends, and pretty much anyone around you. d. Today I will go over the basics of the birth order theory with first borns, middle children, the last borns, only children twins. II. First Born e. Of the first 23 astronauts in space, 21 of them were firstborns and the other two were only children. We will write a custom essay sample on Birth Order Paper Outline or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page –cite Dr. Kevin Leman f. There are two types of first born i. Compliant 1. People pleasers, reliable, cooperative, etc. (visual aid) ii.Aggressive 2. Leaders, perfectionists, assertive, etc. (visual aid) g. Experience iii. My oldest sister Christina, is more of a compliant first born, she does whatever she can to please everyone else, and even if she doesn’t like what my parents say she just sits there and takes it. When we were younger she tried to act like mom to my other sister and I, I couldn’t stand it. III. Middle Child h. Many entrepreneurs are middle children. –cite Dr. Kevin Leman, i. There are also two types of middle children iv. One 3. More of the shy type (visual aid) . Two 4. More of the friendly outgoing type. (visual aid) j. Experience vi. My other sister Ashley, is definitely middle child number 2. I was always in her shadow growing up since we’re only two years apart. She had so many friends and was always doing something. She is also extremely business minded and the things she comes up with†¦ I know I would never even think about in a million years its kinda sad she makes me look stupid all the time. IV. Last Born k. Most comedians are the youngest children in the family. –cite Dr.Kevin Leman l. Idealistic, hardworking, sensitive, attention seeking, etc. (visual aid) m. Experience vii. I am the baby of the family, and I mean im not much of a risk taker to be honest†¦ but I fit this 9 out of 10 times. My whole family calls me the biggest drama queen and they’re pretty spot on with that one. V. Only children/Twins n. Only children viii. mature faster, have characteristics of each birth order o. Twins ix. two types of twins 5. leader a. loud and opinionated 6. follower b. quient and blends into the background x.My very best friends are twins, and when I read about this I couldn’t help but laugh because this is exactly how they are, one wouldn’t think twice about confronting, while the other just doesn’t want to cause a problem, and wants everything to just be cool. VI. Conclusion p. There is so much more to the birth order theory but these are the basic traits of a first born, middle child, only child, and twins. q. Hopefully this information can help you to better understand yourself and the people around you, and to know a little bit more why you are the way you are.

Jesus had a special mission to the marginalised Essay Example

Jesus had a special mission to the marginalised Essay Jesus had a special mission to the marginalised- explain this using examples from the gospel, and say why this provoked a hostile reaction from some Jews.A marginalised person is someone who for whatever reason is on the edge of society.Jesus always had a special place in the hearts of all the marginalised people he came in contact with. Jesus role was always clear. He treated each and every one of the marginalised as he would have liked to have been treated himself.In Jesus time a lot of people were marginalised just like in todays society, for exampleLepers were marginalised they were considered outcasts in their community because of their dreaded skin disease. Sickness was often seen as punishment from God for sin.Tax collectors were marginalised they were considered outcasts in their own community because they often cheated people into believing they had to pay more money for tax. People do not like being cheated out of hard earned money and thats why people rarely socialised w ith these tax collectors.Samaritans were marginalised- they were seen as outcasts in their own community because they had married pagan invaders, and they had built their own Temple on Mount Gerezim.An example of how Jesus treated the marginalised is in the story (Luke 5: 12-14) Jesus heals a leper Jesus was in a town were there was a man with a dreaded skin disease. When the man saw Jesus he threw himself down at Jesus feet and begged Sir if you want to u can make me clean Jesus replied I do want to, be clean- the disease left the man and Jesus said Dont tell anyoneAnother example Jesus set for us in our treatment of the marginalised is (Luke 18: 35-53) Jesus heals a Blind Beggar who has faith- A blind man heard that Jesus was passing and he cried out to Jesus Jesus son of David! Take pity on me, he was told to keep quiet by the crowd, but he shouted even louder. Jesus heard his cry and said what do you want me to do for you? he said I want to see again Jesus replied then see, y our faith has made you well he could see again, and followed Jesus giving thanks to God.The Jews would never associate with these people and when they saw that a man named the Messiah did this puzzled and annoyed them greately.As these two examples show Jesus treated each and every marginalised person that he came in contact with a lot of respect and love. We should try to follow this example that Jesus has set for us all.Jesus attitude through out his life often provoked a hostile reaction from some Jews, as he would often challenge their laws and way of life. He condemned their behaviour towards one another and this displeased them greatly. They felt Jesus was a threat to their good name, and they set about changing this. An example of how Jesus would anger them is (Luke 14: 1-24) Jesus heals a sick man on the Sabbath Jesus was at a leading Pharisees house and people were watching him closely. A man whose legs and arms were swollen came to Jesus begging to get healed. So Jesus sa id to the Pharisee Does our law allow healing on the Sabbath or not? the Pharisee could not answer Jesus then healed the man and sent him on.The Pharisees were looking at Jesus and he said to them if anyone of you had a son or ox fall into the well on the Sabbath would you not pull him out at once? they were unable to answer this question. Jesus often put the Pharisees in positions like this, and over time they got so outraged that they plotted to get Jesus crucified. The Pharisees and other religious leaders of this time were not as good hearted as Jesus, and they couldnt compete with him. They accused him of blasphemy and this is why he outraged them and caused a hostile reaction.

Methanol Presentation Essays

Methanol Presentation Essays Methanol Presentation Essay Methanol Presentation Essay 1 ) U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances ( RTECS. online database ) . National Toxicology Information Program. National Library of Medicine. Bethesda. MD. 1993. 2 ) U. S. Environmenal Protection Agency. Integrated Risk Information System ( IRIS ) on Methanol. National Center for Environmental Assessment. Office of Research and Development. Washington. DC. 1999. 3 ) Methanol Institute. ( 2011. July ) . Methanol wellness effects. Methanol Facts. Retrieved February 1. 2013. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. methyl alcohol. org/Health-And-Safety/Safe-Handling/Methanol-Health-Effects. aspx 4 ) Uracil. ( 1994. August ) . Chemicals in the Environment. EPA. Retrieved January/February. 2013. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. Environmental Protection Agency. gov/chemfact/f_methan. txt World of Scientific Discovery. ( n. d. ) . Methanol is a clear. colorless liquid that belongs to a category of substances called alkies. Methanol has the simplest chemical make-up in the group. which CH3OH. By uniting C monoxide and H. molecular weight is 32. 04 g. Methanol or methyl intoxicant is typically found in alcoholic drinks. In fact. during prohibition many people died or became badly sick from methyl alcohol poisoning when they drank the liquid as a replacement for commercial spirits. Methane gases are sometimes used to power cars. which is a beginning of emition for methyl alcohol. Drinking even a little sum of methane intoxicant will paralyse the ocular nervus and cause sightlessness. Harmonizing to the National centre for environmental appraisal. inspiration or even reach with the chemical over long periods of clip can besides be harmful. However. methyl alcohol is already present within the human organic structure in little measures from eating fruits and veggies. Harmonizing to the FDA. every bit much as 500 mgs per twenty-four hours of methyl alcohol is safe in an adult’s diet. Methanol besides produces methanal. plastics. and other chemicals. The EPA has denied a request to bespeak that Methanol be delisted as a toxic pollutant. Besides. the American conference of governmental and industrial hygenists put a clip leaden norm as to how long workers can be exposed without affects. This jurisprudence besides ensures that a worker can get away a possible unsafe state of affairs while working with the chemical. Methanol exposure should be avoided and can be managed safely through the proper design of fuel containers and fueling systems. A spill free nose has been developed by Identic of Sweden that features a dry connexion to the fuel cell auto that makes it virtually impossible for the consumer to reach methyl alcohol from the pump or the vehicle. There was no available toxicity informations sing methyl alcohol. therefore the Us EPA office of solid waste. under the RCAA land disposal prohibition sponsored the 90 twenty-four hours sub chronic testing of methyl alcohol in rats. Besides. scientists are look intoing the usage of methyl alcohol as an alternate fuel for autos and other vehicles. Car manufacturers have already developed engines that run on pure methyl alcohol or a mixture of methyl alcohol and gasolene. However. when used as a fuel. methyl alcohol produces formaldehyde. a harmful pollutant. Besides. methyl alcohol is more expensive than gasolene.

NURSING THE PERSON WITH AN ACUTE PYSIOLOGICAL DISTURBANCE. PART A- Essay

NURSING THE PERSON WITH AN ACUTE PYSIOLOGICAL DISTURBANCE. PART A- IDENTIFY WITH REASON, THOSE GROUPS OF PEOPLE WHO ARE PREDISPOSED TO DEVELOPING DEEP VEIN THRO - Essay Example 05), elderly individuals, obesity, prior history of DVT, venous stasis, local compression on the veins, and acute factors like severe dehydration (Guirguis, 2000). DVT also can occur from iatrogenic injury of the femoral veins (Wood, 2000; Joynt, 2000), malignancy (pancreas, lung, ovary, testes, urinary tract, breast and stomach), after major surgery (orthopedic, thoracic, abdominal and genitourinary procedures), following trauma (fractures of spine, pelvis, femur, tibia and spinal cord), burns, pregnancy and the postpartum period, estrogen use, hypercoagulable states (deficiencies of protein C, protein S, fibrinogen, factor V, factor VIII, factor IX, factor XI, prothrombin, and antiphospholipid antibodies), venulitis (thromboangitis obliterans, Behcets disease, and homocystinuria) (Creager & Dzau, 1998), end-stage renal disease and congestive cardiac failure (Casserly, 2000). Thrombogenesis is a finely balanced process between coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways. The interaction between plasminogen activators (e.g. tissue plasminogen activator) and inhibitors that modulate this activity (e.g. plasminogen activator inhibitor, PAI-1) influences the fibrinolytic system. Plasma fibrinogen determines plasma viscosity, blood flow, affects platelet aggregation, blood viscosity, interacts with plasminogen binding and along with thrombi, mediates the final steps in clot formation. The levels of fibrinogen associates directly with age, obesity, smoking, diabetes and LDL-C and inversely with HDL-C, alcohol use, physical activity and exercise level. Increased fibrinogen is also associated with many different forms of vascular and inflammatory disease. Impaired fibrinolysis, as demonstrated by the elevated levels of plasminogen activator, is seen in obese patients, and explains the increased risk of thrombosis and other vascular disease in the obese (Chung & Lip, 2004). Virchow’s classical triad of factors that lead to the development of thrombosis (thrombogenesis)

The Bread Givers,the Smolinsky house is patriarchal in nature Essay

The Bread Givers,the Smolinsky house is patriarchal in nature - Essay Example Instances of such patriotism have been displayed throughout the story where the writer says,’ Traditional father searches for God through the Talmud and religious study’ (Yezeirska, 1925, xvi) specifying that Moses’ reading was confined only to reading Jewish sacred texts. Another instance where’ mother believed she might earn a place in the heaven by serving her husband well’ (Yezeirska, xvi) showed that the family was firm in traditional believes. Sara’s father’s attachment to Jewish culture has been depicted here as patriarchal characteristics. Surrounded by the lives of his family, the patriarchal nature of the father has a powerful role to play in this novel. It gives a winning note to his values when his daughter’s lives are destroyed due to his religious values and this rigidity has also been noted where Moses, even in dying state refuses to live with Sara and Hugo. The story was written somewhere between 1920 and the society and culture of that phase has an impact on the story. Even before that in the 19th century during the colonial period in America we find the prevalence of the class system. The upper class denoted the aristocrat class who were owners of large plantations. During the 19th century slavery was also present in the society and the plantation owners usually owned large number of slaves and worked hard to achieve higher standards of living. Post colonization, the immigration of Jews to the New York City has been talked about in the story. More than a merge, there was a clash of the two cultures. M ore specifically a struggle between the old and the new world was clearly noticed. Jews of that period were very particular about their traditions and appeared to be conservative. The Jewish people restricted from interacting with people of different cultural background. This is depicted in the story. Where Sara Smolinsky is opening up to accept the new concept of self independence imposed in American culture, Moses remains about

Organizational Development Consulting Skills Assignment

Organizational Development Consulting Skills - Assignment Example On the contrary, change management is responding to changes that take place suddenly and they need to be incorporated into organization’s business. OD professionals are commonly referred to as consultants as they are the change managers who are either hired externally or internally to help an organization which is their client in achieving its goals. In most of the cases, OD practitioners act as a catalyst to bridge the gap that exists between what the organizations are presently doing and what it wants to achieve in the long-run. OD practitioners have to work in collaboration with organization’s management team so that they can successfully implement the plan designed for bringing changes in the organization (McLean, 2009; Schein, 2009). OD practitioners have to develop their consulting skills so that they can direct team members in achieving desired goals; they have to work in collaboration because their main aim is to help their clients in bringing effective changes in the organizations. OD consultants need to provide guidance to their clients by designing consultation process and ensure that they own complete process so that they can manage it independently and monitor the outcomes desired; they work at all levels in the organizational hierarchy (Scott, 2008). OD consultants working approach is entirely dependent on Action Research Model (ARM) that has been developed to guide practitioners in providing their clients best solutions for improving organization’s effectiveness. A brief representation of the model is shown in the following figure to give a snapshot of its important steps: From the figure, it is evident that the complete team that is involved in OD implementation should be taken on board.

The Hilton Hhonors Loyalty Scheme Marketing Essay

The Hilton Hhonors Loyalty Scheme Marketing Essay This is an analytical study assessing Customer Relationship Management through the Hilton Hotels Loyalty scheme Hilton HHonors. This paper will give a thorough literature review on relationship marketing, a case study on Hilton Hotel loyalty scheme and within this, a framework of the brands role; position in the organization and the market will be discussed. Winer, (2001) customer relationship management framework will be used to analyze the Hilton HHonors scheme to which the nature of the difficulties and effectiveness will be covered as well. This paper will end with possible suggestions regarding the effectiveness of the Loyalty scheme. LITERATURE REVIEW There are several scholarly definitions of relationship marketing and (Shani and Chalasani, 1992) define it as a combined effort to maintain, identify and build up a linkage with separate customers and to continue to fortify the linkage for the common benefit of both sides, via interactive, one to one and value added contacts over a stretched out period of time. While (Gronroos,1990) described relationship marketing to be the establishing , maintaining, enhancing and commercializing of customer relationship so that the distinct purpose of the parties concerned are met which is done by a common exchange and fulfilment of agreements. This definition tries to encompass both the relational and transactional qualities of marketing. These two descriptions differ somehow but they both signify that relationship marketing centres on the individual customer and seller relationship and states that they both benefit. Plus the nature of the relationship is longitudinal. Moreover, they both indica te that the core of relationship marketing is on customer retention. On the other hand (Morgan and Hunt,1994), argue that relationship marketing represents all marketing activates destined towards launching, improving and preserving successful relational give and take or exchange. Taking into record that relational exchanges and transactional exchanges differ. From this definition relationship marketing is marketing plus Morgan and Hunt have as a result re described marketing and extended a paradigm shift. It is key for organisations to assess customer relationship stages (Figure 1.0) in order to evaluate the need for investment to make these customers move up the relationship ladder (Dwyer, Shurr and Oh, 1987, Kotler and Dubois, 2000) and turn out to be more profitable, or better implicit for cross-selling and offer them with personalized services establishing higher bond and switching cost. Suspects Prospects First-time Repeat Client Advocate Member Partner Customers Customers Traditional Marketing- Relationship Marketing- Figure 1.0.The relationship ladder: (Egan, 2001: p.59) However, marketing relationship is a give and take relationship parallel to intimate relationship (Clark 1984; Clark and Mills 1979; Kollock, Blumstein and Schwartz 1994). Each party involved in an exchange relationship provide value measurable to those received. Relationship Marketing and Customer Loyalty Relationship marketing recognises that a steady customer base is essential in business. The crux and feature of relationships and their business vale is summarized in the notion of customer loyalty and its correlated literature. The advantage of customer loyalty to a supplier of either which ever product or services, consist of enhanced organisational productivity or effectiveness, moderate expenditure on bringing together new customers and decreased customer price vulnerability.(Rowley, 2005) Although customers may show their loyalty in numerous ways; they may decide to remain with a supplier or provider, if this prolongation is described as relationship or not, or customers may escalate the amount of purchases or the regularity of their purchases or possibly both. Customers may become advocates of the brand or organization involved by performing an influential role in the decisions of others. (Hallowell, 1996; Reicheld et al, 2000). Even though there is substantial progress in the loyalty scheme. There has been an extensive argument about the benefit of loyalty schemes, to either customers or businesses. Certainly many have affirmed that such schemes have been unsuccessful (Divett et al, 2003; Worthington, 2000). Byrom, (2001) debated that with many organisations cancelling their scheme; those schemes were at somewhat of a crossroads. Critique of schemes fall down to three groups which are those that declare that the relationship among or between such schemes and the promotion of loyalty is vague; those that debate that organisations are not creating correct or proper use of data; and those that debate that the incentive structure in loyalty schemes are unsuitable. However according to (Jenkinson,1995) real brand loyalty is as a result of the emotional bond established by dialogue, trust , sense of value and ease of use, added satisfaction and frequency. Loyalty is the mirror image of the customers psychological and subconscious emotional necessity to trace a frequent source of satisfaction, identity and value. Samuelson and Sandvik, (1997) states that customer loyalty has been theorized as a collaboration of attitude and behaviour. There is a lot as to what makes up loyalty, this starts from repeat purchase to extended relationship (Dick and Basu, 1994). Furthermore (Hallowell, 1996) states that loyalty behaviours consist of relationship extension, enlarged scale or range of relationship, and suggestions. Although there is a positive link between customer loyalty and satisfaction (Soderlund, 1998). Moving on, the rewards or incentives are the basic structure or mechanism for motivating customers to indulge in the scheme. OBrien and Jones(1995) single out the following elements that add to the value of a loyalty scheme: choice of reclamation option( the list of incentives provided), cash value( How greatly the incentive stand for, as a part of spend), aspirational value ( how greatly the customer the incentive); relevance( the degree to which incentives are achievable) and convenience( simplicity of participation in the scheme). Parker and Worthington, (2000) debate that customer loyalty to an incentive scheme or reward scheme is most likely to be influenced by social factor, relative attitude and situational factors. Firstly customer loyalty is possibly influenced by satisfaction that a customer experiences regarding the level of return that they are accepting. Secondly, customer loyalty could be influenced by what is obtainable from other schemes and thirdly behaviour could be affected by other customers, social norms and the media. They continue to debate that the loyalty card that they examined did not pay its customers rightfully, as it was providing lower incentive values on products probably to be saved for. OMalley (1998) expatiates on the level to which many schemes have established customers who have come to anticipate an incentive as part of the regular shopping experience and assign a low value on rewards or incentives. Why Consumers enter into Relationship Marketing According (Sheth and Parvatiyar 1995), the basic axiom of relationship marketing should be or is that consumers like to cut back selection or choices by participating in a current loyalty relationship with marketers. This is a very fascinating and exciting argument and one that has intense suggestions for both the theory and marketing practice if correct. Moreover consumers sometimes go into relationships because it elevates the number of choices open to them. For each purchase decision, numerous options exist. CASE STUDY: HILTON HHONORS History: However Hilton Hotels and Resort from its name is into providing hotel accommodations and Hospitality to its customers which makes it a very good example, it is a worldwide company that has expanded vastly in every sector including its relationship marketing in order to retain customers through its Hilton HHonors loyalty scheme. Moreover this Hotel was founded by Conrad N. Hilton who opened the first Hilton hotel in Texas in 1925. Presently Hilton is one of the reputable hotel brands in the world. The hotel today is owned by Hilton Worldwide; they are managed, franchised or owned by several independent operators by Hilton Worldwide. Currently there are over 500 Hilton hotels brands in the world (Hilton Worldwide, 2012). Over the years Hilton has created brands; today they have about ten brands in over 78 countries in the world. In 2009 Hilton was formerly known as Hilton Hotel Corporations but changed its name and Logo to Hilton World then moved their headquarters in Beverly Hills to Mc Virginia. (Hilton Worldwide, 2012). Hilton HHonors: Marketing is grown from a centre point on the single transaction to developing or becoming increasingly apprehensive with the growth and support of equally satisfying long term relationships with customers. The success story of charity organizations, Tesco, banks, Hotels and others exploiting loyalty schemes is driving companies to take careful note. The most productive relationship marketing campaign makes room for viable benefits and promotes long term relationship with customers which are difficult to replicate (Gilbert, 1996). However, looking at the value proposition of the Hilton organisation, they try to establish loyalty among their customers by striving to delight them and expecting their changing aspiration while making sure that team members, who are important contributors to attaining this objective, are satisfied as well (Huckestein and Duboff, 1999). From this proposition it is obvious that the essential elements of product leadership and customer relationship must be attained. For the Hilton organisation the value and importance of the customer relationship has been elevated via its Hilton HHonors Loyalty programme. Hilton HHonors Benefits: It allows customers to earn both miles and points for a holiday at about 3,750 Hilton hotel brands worldwide and airline miles with partners of over 50 airlines. They provide numerous exclusive ways to accumulate points. Firstly a customer can earn them through hotel stays or with participatory credit cards; or a customer can deliberate on purchasing them if he or she feels shy of the trip to the Caribbean. One can also transfer them to their family who happens to be a member as well. The hotel also provides room to donate extra points to numerous charitable organizations. This loyalty program allows a customer to join free by registering online or offline to get a list of services and benefits that assist with directing a customers travel and rewarding the customers for their loyalty and offering customers with the undivided attention they deserve (Hilton HHonors, 2012). Loyalty Programme Classification: Hilton HHonor can be classified under the type 3 programs, it awards points to members according to their previous purchase or past purchases. This type 3 program needs a complete database that can trace a members purchase history and points. Some type 3 program persuades customers to escalate their purchases or reward substantial purchasers by creating program tiers. Hilton HHonors program provides tiers where substantial or heavy users can without difficulty build up free hotel rooms or can reserve a room on a basis that is unrestricted (Berma,2006). There are other organizations that use the type 3 program and they include Hotels like (Hyatt, Marriott rewards,) Airlines like (American Advantage) Credit card companies like (Discover card: The Mile Card, Citibank Premier Pass Elite,). Lots of type 3 programs include the partnerships of complimentary marketers like airline, car rental and hotel chains etc to enable a members gathering of points and to escalate the category of rewards options (Berma, 2006). HiltonHHonors are in partnership with airline and car rental services to facilitate the gathering of points. (Hilton HHonors, 2012) However, the company has four membership levels which include the Blue, Silver VIP, Gold VIP and Diamond VIP. Its calculated according to the number of stays in a 12 month period. It starts from no smallest amount for the Blue membership to 60 nights in a calendar year for the Diamond VIP membership. Moreover each category of membership has its own exclusive benefit which is: the Silver, Gold and Diamond VIP members are qualified for health club access while the Gold and diamond VIP members are qualified for accommodation upgrades and Only the Diamond VIP members can be assured reservations with their points with no collapsed or blackout dates. (Berma, 2006), Hilton HHonors Credit card: Hilton is known to also have co branded cards and the term co branding may simply mean the use of two or more brand names in marketing activates. This happens with the juxtaposition of brand names by labelling them side by side on a product (Blackett, 1999). Moreover Hilton has a number of co branded cards with financial companies in specific locations like Hilton HHonors cards from American Express, Citibank in the U.S, Platinum Visa card in the UK, Credit card in Germany, Visa card from Sunitomo Mitsui card co. Ltd in Japan etc. However this co branded cards allows customers earn bonus points from everyday purchases like groceries, gas, eating out etc. Customers can claim or redeem these points for flights, free hotel nights or merchandise. (Hilton HHonors, 2012). In further light, According to (McCleary and Weaver, 1991) they claim that Hotel and restaurant loyalty program were inspired by the success of airlines that give customers benefit for repeat purchase. However, these Programs look to improve the customers membership in an exclusive club with rewards from this membership such as gifts, free hotel accommodations etc. For the organisation or company the main aim is to compliment customers for their patronage and make it obvious that the company is very much interested in establishing and sustaining long term relationship with them. Hilton HHonors E- presence: Hilton HHonors has an e-presence (www.HHonors.com). The value of customer relationship has also been escalated through its loyalty program website. Via this website customers can sign up or register for rewards, hotel reservations, room preferences and so on. The characteristics of the Hilton Honors web site portray product leadership (Hilton HHonors, 2012). This site creates opportunity for interactivity between its members and the scheme in order to encourage brand and customer relationships plus customer data is also being collected and stored for future purposes for direct marketing via emails, Customized emails are sent based on a customers preferences. From the perspective of relationship, it lets customers retrieve their information and statements on the scheme. From the perspective of the brand, the brand web is duplicated and improves in the virtual world (Rowley, 2005). ANALYSIS EMPLOYING (WINER, 2001) CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MODEL Winer, Russell (2001) elaborated on the Customer Relationship Management process Model below; Figure 1.1 (Winer, 2001) Create a Database: Involves construction of customer information file which is the bedrock of customer relationship management. The database ideally should contain Customer transactions (Hotel Reservations), Contacts, explanatory information and rely to marketing incentives over time. However according to (Winer, 2001) Customer interaction quadrant, Hilton should be classified under the High-indirect box (Figure 1.2) Figure 1.2 (Winer, 2001) Customer Interactions Direct Indirect Banks Telecom Retail Airlines Packaged Goods Hotels Drugs Personal computers Internet Infrastructure Furniture Autos High Interaction Frequency Low Meaning they have to work harder to establish an Information file unlike the High -direct box which has quick and easy access to customer database E.g. Tesco. Hilton Database is also collected online up registration for the HHonors program. Analysis: Involves the analysis of established customer data with the aim of segmenting the customers by grouping those with the same behavioural pattern. This is then used to create several product offerings via direct marketing. Hilton does target the most valuable prospects for catalogue mailing and customizes the catalogues to several groups. Customer Selection: having established and analyzed the customer database information, the next step is to deliberate on which Customer group to target with marketing programs. The customers with most preferred segment (Highest purchasing rate) would be chosen first for retention programs followed by other segments. However Hilton applies this before embarking on marketing programs to encourage retention and customer acquisition. This is evident in their four membership levels. Customer Targeting: There are several ways of targeting customers after selection; they involve direct marketing techniques including telemarketing, direct mail and direct sales. This enables a company interact with customers rather than talk at them via television or radio. Hilton mainly invests time and money into telemarketing (Customer service) and direct mails in order to reach a desired audience. However today they seek permission from customers before sending mails. Relationship programs: these are techniques for executing Customer relationship marketing, the aim of this is to provide a higher level of satisfaction to customers than competing firms do. More over research has proven that there is a clear-cut positive relationship between profits and customer satisfaction (Winer, 2001). Mangers need to weight satisfaction levels by delivering performance ahead of customer expectation. Loyalty programs include frequency/Loyalty programs, Rewards programs, Customer service and Community Building. Hilton has taken the frequency/Loyalty program and Customer service as its Relationship Method which has worked to improve profitability. The Hilton HHonors as stated above provides rewards for repeat purchase. Privacy Issues: This extends through the CRM Model (Figure 1.1), Hilton uses database to provide service customers request and as a global brand they share this database with other Hilton worldwide brands to ensure same level of service. Hilton makes sure that personal information are handled according to the law. Usernames and passwords are however created for customers personal use. Metrics: This is the traditional ways managers employ in measuring the success of their product and service. Market Metrix uses Loyalty program effectiveness. It identifies the percentage of customers who affirm that their loyalty membership was the primary reason for picking the hotel. Market Metrix,( 2012) identified that Hilton hotel in 2009 had 34.6%, 2010 had 35.8% and in 2011 had 39.2% showing an increase in profitability. DRAW BACKS There are potential draw back in loyalty schemes, they are expensive, difficult to correct mistakes as the company may be seen by customers as taking away. Benefits; however there is the question whether the scheme actually works to escalate loyalty or spending behaviour plus it is also kind of difficult to have competitive advantage. (Winer, 2001) RECOMMENDATIONS These Loyalty schemes can be successful by elevating customers switching cost and building entry barriers. For the Hotel industry it has become a competitive necessity to create loyalty programs so incentives could also be encouraged for repeat visits to websites even though this has not been greatly successful. CONCLUSION This paper has reviewed some past literature on loyalty schemes along with some scepticism from a few scholars. The idea of the loyalty scheme is growing and becoming more refined each day. Hilton Hotel has created brand web through their loyalty scheme which has be expatiated above (Hilton HHonors) plus they have an E-presence. From the consumer relationship, those that the hotel refers to as most valued customers have considerably escalated their spending at the hotel. This increased or escalated spending is no doubt as a result of the customers envisioning an escalated value in their relationship with the hotel.

Southern Innfluences In A ROSE For Emily :: essays research papers

William Faulkner’s classic short story, â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† has been noted as an excellent example of Southern literature. Southern literature can be defined as literature about the South, written by authors who were reared in the South. Characteristics of southern literature are the importance of family, sense of community, importance of religion, importance of time, of place, and of the past, and use of Southern voice and dialect. Most of the novels are written as a Southerner actually speaks. Many books also describe the historical importance of the Southern town. William Faulkner was a twentieth century American author who won the Nobel Prize for Literature. Most famous for his novel The Sound and the Fury, Faulkner defines Southern literature. In his mythical county of Yaknapatawpha, Faulkner contrasted the past with the present era. The past was represented in Emily Grierson, Colonel Sartoris, the Board of Alderman, and the Negro servant. Homer Barron, the new Board of Alderman, and the new sheriff represented the present. Homer was the main representative of Yankee views towards the Griersons and the entire South, a situation of the present. Emily held the view of the past as if it were a rose-tinted place where nothing would ever die. Her world was already the past. Whenever the modern times were about to take hold of her, she retreated to that world of the past, and took Homer with her. Her room upstairs was that place, a place where Emily could stay with dead Homer forever as though no death nor disease could separate them. Homer had lived in the present, and Emily eventually conquered that. Emily’s family was a monument of the past; Emily herself was referred to as a â€Å"fallen monument.† She was a relic of Southern gentility and past values. She had been considered fallen because she had been proven susceptible to death and decay like the rest of the world. As for the importance of family, Emily was really close to her father. He was very protective of her and extremely dominating. The entire town had a tableau of the two of them, Miss Emily was a slender figure in white in the background, and her father was a sprawled figure in the foreground, his back defensively turned to her and clutching a horsewhip with the dark boundary of the door framing them. The town also believed the Griersons held themselves a little too high for what they really were.

Kale in Kenya- Ag Issue 2012 Essay

Jonathan King Ag 101 September 16, 2012 Current Issues in Horticulture- Kale in Kenya I am going to go into the Horticultural field and one of the issues facing horticulture today is solving world hunger. Kenya is a nation that mostly lives in poverty, The United States and other countries are trying to help the Kenyan poverty problem by researching different food that can grow there along with trying to improve the food that they already have. A big crop in Kenya is kale because it costs so little to produce and the name sakuma wiki the Kenyan name for kale loosely translated means that it can sustain people throughout the week due to its extreme affordability, particularly for those who earn a dollar and below a day. The kale in Kenya is poor quality and it yields easily to diseases like black rot and leaf spot. Through a collaborative research project investigating the poor quality of kale seeds in parts of Kenya a team found that the best kale plants in Kenya originate from Kinale, a forested region north of Nairobi on the edge of the rift valley. The plants were then took to the Kenya Agricultural Research Institute and propagated to obtain clean, disease-free seed. Five lines of kale were developed and two of them did very well once the seed was tested in different parts. The propagated seed flowered later thus making the crop produce longer and had a better color with a sweeter flavored leaf. By using Horticulture the problem of hunger in Kenya is being addressed by diversifying kale to improve food and nutrition and to improve the economy by making a better plant that people would want to buy and eat.

Social Anxiety

Anxiety With awareness of different mental and psychologically disorders on the rise, one in particular caught my eye. Social anxiety disorder has always intrigued me due to its close relationship to shyness and has sparked many different questions pertaining to how this disorder differs from Just being shy. For my research paper, I would Like to explore how this disorder's symptoms are different from being shy as well as explore why people with social anxiety exhibit these symptoms.In exploring why people exhibit symptoms, I hope to find different studies that show how social anxiety disorder affects the brain and how people with the disorder's brains differ from people who do not suffer from it. Along with this, I would also like to be able to thoroughly explain how the disorder affects the dally lives of sufferers and when symptoms of the disorder begin as well as how to recognize that these symptoms correlate to having social anxiety disorder. For my research paper, I would like to explain different treatments for the disorder and figure their effectiveness as well as why they are effective.I will also examining the correlation between social anxiety and many other different mental or psychological disorders and determining if there is a direct relationship between any two. Amiss, P. L. , M. G. Gelded, and P. M. Shaw. â€Å"Social Phobia: A Comparative Clinical Study. † The British Journal of Psychiatry 142. 2 (1983): 174-79. Print. This article discusses a study in which symptom's of people with social anxiety were compared with symptoms of people with agoraphobia. The study was conducted to prove that certain symptoms were distinct to a certain disorder.The homonyms were assessed through clinical, questionnaire, and demographic data. The results showed that symptoms of social anxiety differed from agoraphobia as social anxiety symptoms were more apparent and voluble to others. This source will be helpful In my research as I will be able to referenc e this when I am explaining different symptoms of social anxiety disorder. With the support of this article, I will be able to make claims that indicate that many symptoms of social anxiety disorder are unique to this disorder only. Connors, K. M. Psychometric Properties of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN): New Self-rating Scale. The British Journal of Psychiatry 176. 4 (2000): 379-86. Print. Before this study, no social phobia scales Incorporated variables such as fear, avoidance, and physiological symptoms. The author of the article created a new scale called the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN which incorporated each of these previously unused variables. A study was conducted to assess the validity of this new scale and results were obtained which indicated that this test correctly measured social phobia levels and was responsive to change over time.This source will be helpful for my research paper as it gives many efferent examples of different tests used to determine If an Indi vidual suffers from correctly diagnose someone with the disorder. I will incorporate this in my paper when talking about how people are diagnosed with social anxiety disorder. Craig, Ashley, and Woven Train. â€Å"Fear of Speaking: Chronic Anxiety and Stammering. † Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 12. 1 (2006): 63-68. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment. Web. 31 Mar. 2014 This article reviews the relationship of stammering as a child and the prevalence of social anxiety.Stammering when young is usually caused by higher anxiety levels of the child in question. The article shows that children who stammer when they are younger are at a higher risk of developing social anxiety disorder. It also talks about why children stammer and identifies the social fears associated with it. I will use this in my research paper to identify early onset symptoms of people with social anxiety. The article goes into great detail over the social fears experienced by the children who stammer and expl ains the relationship between this and social anxiety.From this, I will be able to go into further detail over the social anxiety symptom of stammering and explain what causes the behavior. Marilyn J. Essex, Marjorie H. Klein, Marcia J. Clattery, H. Hill Goldsmith, Ned H. Kaolin; Early â€Å"Risk Factors and Developmental Pathways to Chronic High Inhibition and Social Anxiety Disorder in Adolescence. † American Journal of Psychiatry. There has been evidence that suggests that high levels of behavioral inhibition act as a precursor for social anxiety disorder.The authors of this article took it upon themselves to evaluate and identify the different risk factors that may also play a part in development of the disorder. They conducted a study which evaluated 238 children who they followed from birth until the 9th grade. Different behavioral factors were evaluated in each participant. After evaluating each factor in the children, results showed that each factor examined accounted for greater and chronic inhibition. By the ninth grade, the study indicated that chronic high inhibition was associated with a lifetime of social anxiety disorder.Conclusions were made that high levels of inhibition were directly related to the development of social anxiety by adolescence. I will be able to use this source in my research paper to show the early signs of social anxiety. How the disorder develops will also be expanded upon using this article in my paper. Mark Olefins, Mary Guardian, Elmer Strutting, Franklin R. Schneider, Fred Hellman, Donald F. Klein; â€Å"Barriers to the Treatment of Social Anxiety. † American Journal of Psychiatry. 4. 1 57(2000):521-527. 22 Mar 2014.Despite the advancement in availability to treatments for social phobia, many adults do not seek help for their problems. The authors of this article evaluated the barriers to treatment for adults with social anxiety disorder and conducted a study that involved adults who participated in the Na tional Anxiety Disorders Screening Day in 1996. Background characteristics of individuals with symptoms of social anxiety were compared to those who participated in the screening who had no symptoms of social anxiety disorder. The barriers to previous mental health treatment for all participants in the study were evaluated and compared.The results of the study indicated that people with social anxiety have a higher risk of functional impairment and feelings of isolation as well as run a higher risk of suicide. They also reported financial barriers, uncertainty of where to seek help, and fear of what others may think which decreased the likelihood for them to seek help. Conclusion were preventing sufferers from seeking the proper help needed. From this study, I will be able to take the results and relay them into my research paper to show the different barriers people who suffer from the disorder have.I will also be to show that without properly sought out help, many people are left with serious symptoms that affect their daily lives. Michael, M. , and M. Brushwood. â€Å"Social Anxiety Disorder in First- episode Psychosis: Incidence, Phenomenology and Relationship with Paranoia. † The British Journal of Psychiatry 195. 3 (2009): 234-41. Print. For people with psychosis, the prevalence of social anxiety disorder poses a big problem. However, it is unclear if this is a byproduct of persecutory thinking. A study was conducted to determine the significance of social anxiety on people who suffer form psychosis.The results of the study showed that social anxiety is a significant commodity in first-episode psychosis. This study showed that there was a definite relationship between psychosis and social anxiety. I will be able to incorporate this into my research paper when comparing social anxiety with different diseases and will be able to note the different shared symptoms and the effects that both disorders have on the brain to define why he disorders are re lated. Psych Central Staff. â€Å"Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia) Symptoms. † Psych Central. Com. Physic Central, n. . Web. 24 Mar. 2014. Psych Centrals article over social anxiety begins by giving a general overview of symptoms of social anxiety. The article explains that people who suffer from this disorder have an extreme fear of becoming exceptionally anxious or humiliated in certain social situation. Sufferers of social anxiety also have different symptoms than a person who is shy. Social anxiety differs from shyness as individuals who are only shy do not experience the extreme anxiety from social situations and do not go to extreme lengths to avoid social situations.The article then goes on to list symptoms that people with social anxiety must have. People with social anxiety have an intense fear of being scrutinized in social or performance situations in which they are around people they are unfamiliar with. Social anxiety also makes an individual go to extreme lengths to avoid these situations, which interrupts their normal routine. This article will be helpful in writing my research paper as I will be able to use it to identify common signs of social anxiety disorder.This source will also be helpful in comparing and contrasting the differences between the disorder and shyness. The article is a good overview of the disorder that helped give a general understanding of what social anxiety disorder is. Richard Dolman, Ph. D. , Joseph Himself, Ph. D. , Deborah Beebe, Ph. D. , James Babbles, M. D. , Ph. D. , Jody Hoffman, Ph. D. , Michelle Van Tenet-Lee, Ph. D. ; â€Å"Impact of Social Anxiety Disorder on Employment Among Women Receiving Welfare Benefits. † Psychiatric Services. 22 Mar 2014.Social anxiety disorder can affect many different aspects of life and is a common disorder that is disabling and costly. The authors of this article decided to examine the different obstacles of employment of women in Michigan receiving welfare. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form aided the authors in establishing the psychiatric diagnoses of the different women in question. The study surveyed 609 different women who suffered from social anxiety and completed at least one-third of the Women's Employment Study.The surveys of the women with social anxiety were demonstrated that the women with the disorder worked fewer months than those without the disorder and indicated the severity of social anxiety as it had a greater impact on life than depression. Conclusions were made that indicated that social anxiety posed significant problems to sufferers, making it hard for them to go to work. From this source I will be able to access how social anxiety affects the lives of those who suffer from it.I will incorporate this source into my paper as an example of the type of people who normally suffer from the disorder and its impact on their lives. Samuel Lilies, Ph. D. , Jessica Eleven's, B. A. , Rater Biggs, B. A. , Linda Johnson, B. A. , Reagan Amelia, Ph. D. , Daniel Pine, M. D. , Christian Grilling, Ph. D. ; â€Å"Elevated Fear Conditioning to Socially Relevant Unconditioned Stimuli in Social Anxiety Disorder. † American Journal of Psychiatry. 1. 65(2008):124-132. 22 Mar 2014. Conditioned fear is a classic symptom of patients with social anxiety disorder.The authors of this article decided to perform a study to examine the differences in general conditionality by using socially nonspecific, unconditioned stimuli. A model for conditioned fear was made by the authors using unconditioned stimuli of facial expressions and verbal feedback. In the study, patients with social anxiety disorder as well as subjects used hat worked as healthy comparisons underwent different classical conditioning consisting of three different facial expressions: one happy, one neutral, and one angry. Each of the expressions was paired with audio that reflected the nature of the facial expression.The results o f the study showed that only the social anxiety patients suffered from fear conditioning from the facial expressions. The conclusion of the study indicates a conditioning contribution to social anxiety disorder. I will be able to incorporate this study into my research paper as experimental proof of symptoms of people with social anxiety. The study showed that individuals who suffer from the disorder are more frightened and effected by facial expressions than normal. Sinclair, Leslie. â€Å"Treating Social Anxiety Doesn't Decrease Alcohol Consumption. † Psychotherapists.Psychiatric News, 06 July 2012. Web. 25 Mar. 2014. In Sinclair article, she examines the relationship between social anxiety disorder and alcohol consumption. In the article, she lists psychiatrist Sarah Book as defining that social anxiety puts people at a higher risk to abuse alcohol in order to decrease stress and feel more relaxed and that different effective treatments should be more deadly available to s ufferers of social anxiety disorder. In order to back her claims, Book took it upon herself to conduct several different studies to analyze this relationship.In one study, she and some of her colleagues determined whether social anxiety serves as a detriment to successful outcomes in traditional forms of alcohol and drug use therapy. The results from the study showed that there was clear correlation between social anxiety and alcohol abuse. I will use this article in my research paper to show that social anxiety disorder has other indirect symptoms. From this, I will be able to make claims over the seriousness of the disorder and show that some symptoms cannot be cured through the disorders different treatment options.Smith, Melinda, and Ellen Gaffe-Gill. â€Å"Social Anxiety Disorder & Social Phobia. † Social Anxiety Disorder and Social Phobia: Symptoms, Self-Help, and Treatment. Gaffe-Gill begins by defining what social anxiety disorder is. Social anxiety, which is also kno wn as social phobia, is the extreme fear of certain social interactions. There are certain triggers which spark symptoms of the disorder such as meeting new people, performing on stage, taking exams, or even eating or drinking in front of others. Once triggered, people who have the disorder experience emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms.The article continues by presenting different treatment options for social anxiety disorder which include challenging negative thoughts, breathing control, changing one's lifestyle through the building of new relationships. This article will be helpful as it will allow me to examine the different treatment options given to sufferers of social anxiety. This source also discussing the effectiveness of each treatment. With these different treatments, I can do further research into exactly how each one works and include this in my research paper. â€Å"Social Phobia (Social Anxiety Disorder). NIMH IRS. National institute of Mental Health, n. D. Web. 22 Mar. 2014. This article by the National Institute of Mental Health begins by defining what social anxiety is. The article defines social anxiety disorder as the strong fear of being Judged by others or embarrassed. The causes for the disorder are not completely known, however studies have shown that it tends to run in families. Researchers have found that there are several parts of the brain involved with fear and anxiety and have examined them in order to try and find effective cures for the disorder.The second portion of this article by the Institute of Mental Health talks about how somebody is diagnosed with the disorder. Sufferers of social anxiety usually start having symptoms during their youth. Doctors are able to diagnose the disorder if one has had persistent symptoms for longer than 6 months. I will be able to use this source to assess how social anxiety effects the brain and how different treatments work on the brain to relieve symptoms. The way that people are d iagnosed is also mentioned in the article, which I will be able to use in my research paper.Stefan Plaint, Leonardo Coercion, Eric Hollander; â€Å"Social Anxiety in Outpatients With Schizophrenia: A Relevant Cause of Disability. † American Journal of Psychiatry. 2004):53-58. 22 Mar 2014. Many people who suffer from schizophrenia exhibit many symptoms of social anxiety disorder, which are often looked past due to the other more serious symptoms of schizophrenia. The authors of this article conducted a study to examine the relationship between the two disorders and determine if they are linked.In the study, 80 people diagnosed with schizophrenia and 27 people diagnosed with social anxiety disorder were assessed with the different mental health tests. The results of the study indicated that social anxiety is often prevalent in people who have schizophrenia, but is unrelated to the clinical psychological symptoms. This study will also be very helpful in comparing social anxiety disorder to different mental disorders. It will also be used to assess the correlation between the two disorders and with further research I will be able to ampere the effects of both disorders on the brain.Stein MOB, Putsch M, MÃ'Ëœleer N, H ¶fleer M, Life R, Witches H. â€Å"Social Anxiety Disorder and the Risk of Depression: A Prospective Community Study of Adolescents and Young Adults. † Arch Gene Psychiatry. 3. 58(2001): 251-256. 22 Mar 2014. This article examines the correlation between social anxiety disorder and depression. The authors of the article noticed that perform a study to assess the relationship between the two disorders. To begin, data was collected from a longitudinal, epidemiological study of people aged 14-24 to use as baseline.Follow up interviews were given to determine if these individuals suffered from symptoms of both depression and social anxiety and to assess the extent of their disorders. The results from the study showed that individuals with no depressed symptoms at baseline had an increased likelihood to exhibit symptoms of depression. Those who suffered from social anxiety disorder and depression during baseline also showed worsened depressed conditions. This article will help me in my research as it gives a very detailed study over the relationship between social anxiety and depression.I will be able to use this when discussing the various side effects that the disorder gives. This source will also be helpful in discussing the relationship between different mental disorders. Veal, David. â€Å"Treatment of Social Phobia. † Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 9. 4 (2003): 258-64. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment. Web. 31 Mar. 2013. This article begins be explaining what social anxiety is and how it effects the lives of people who have it. It gives statistics over the disorder, such as explains that it is the 3rd most common mental disorder in the word, has a lifetime prevalence of %, and has an equal gender rati o.The article lists a very detailed description of the different symptoms and why sufferers exhibit them. The article's focus is put on the different treatments and how they work as well as which treatments work better for different people based on symptoms. Some of these treatments include pharmacopoeia and cognitive therapy. I will use this article to note the relationship between symptoms exhibited and the most effective treatments. Since the article goes very in depth over each symptom and its best treatment option, I will be able to show why each treatment is effective.

Research Paper on Gandhi

Research Paper on Gandhi Gandhi was born on October 2nd, 1869 in Porbandar, a town of 70,000 people and was ruled by a native prince whom the British usually left alone as long as he did as he was told. Gandhi family belong to the Modh Bania which is a subdivision of the Vaisya caste. According to the old Hindu social scale, the Vaisya is classified as tradesmen or farmers which ranked third. The Bania which had a connotation of moneylender, slightly lower. However Gandhi’s father and as his father before him was a Diwan or chief minister for the Porbandar prince. Gandhi was one of the youngest of the six children and spent his early life in a thee-storey house that had been in the family since 1777. Gandhi as an infant could not tell his brother and sisters from his numerous cousins for following the Hindu custom and his father shared the house with five brothers, their children’s children. The immediate family lived in two rooms which one of them was 20 by 30 feet and the other 13 by 12. Such crowded quarters required patience and the ability to give and take were the main part of survival. Gandhi learned both of these values and also tuning out what he did not want to hear. The later years, Gandhi freely credited his mother with his religious devotion. However it never occurred to him that he may owe his father for something as equally as important such as his instinct for practical politics and diplomacy. While officially as a servant of the ruling prince, Gandhi was mainly a negotiator in grievances and long suffering subjects. Even though porrly educated, Gandhi’s father had a common sense approach to problems that made his judgement as a highly valued official circles. His reputation as a absolute loyalty. After an assistant political agent for the British insulted the Rajkot prince, others sat in silence, but Gandhi stood up and criticized him and Gandhi was arrested immediately and also refused to apologise. This was the first lesson for Gandhi in passive resistance. Young Gandhi spent his hours after school with his mother, who he said was â€Å"the embodiment of the traditional Hindu virtues of love, humanity and self-sacrifice.† Gandhi would accompany her to the temple, sitting nearby and listening as she comforted the widowed mother of the prince, tended the sick and other this lead throughout the night. Gandhi was influenced by his mother’s powers of endurance as he was awed by her spirited of willing self-denial and she inspired Gandhi during some of the most troubled times of his adult life. The Ahimsa is the cornerstone in Gandhi’s tactics, strategy and ethics. The word Ahimsa means â€Å"non-violence†. However accurately speaking the term means the absence of himsa. Which the himsa is a Sanskrit word meaning doing harm to others or being hateful. Therefore the first layer of the meaning to ahimsa involves a substantial portion of the Hindu belief. This broadly influences and guides the other levels of social interaction. This suffering ideally takes place without the anger, vengeance or even resentment. As for example today protestors such as Greenpeace who aspire to save the forests show considerable resentment when they are made to obey injunctions, pay fines or are arrested. Which they seemed to have learned the most visible portion of civil rights movement but also have missed philosophical roots in Gandhi and Hinduism. Gandhi was also considerate to other world religions. As an example, he identified a central principle common to both Hindu and Christian religion. More importantly he used this idea to help motivate the desired actions on the part of his followers and at the same time as well, he anticipated the emotional reactions of the populations which could be put political pressure on British power. This influence was Gandhi’s overt objective. He also often spoke of the inability of the human heart to witness suffering without wanting to help which Gandhi believed that persuasive appeals to the hard of the western citizens could bot be ignored. His moralist part of him said this was because of the nature of the â€Å"law† however his politician side understood how such a priority would be experienced by Christian believers. He mixed politics with religion and also mixed religious traditions. He said â€Å"I do not share the belief there can or will be on earth one religion† I am striving to find a common factor to induce a mutual tolerance†. However to those who saw in his teachings the emergence of a new faith, he said â€Å"There is no such thing as Gandhism. I am not a saint who has strayed into politics. I am a politician who is trying to become a saint.† Gandhi rose as an unlikely religious and political celebrity. He was the crusader against injustice who renounced both sexual pleasure and the entire modern world. To this mix of traits was added to his philosophy of political protest which he gained the name Satyagraha. Taken this term literally means â€Å"The truth force† in Sanskit however in practical terms it means the refusal to obey unjust authority. To the Indian people, Gandhi gave a nation and to the world he gave satyagraha and ahimsa which are the most revolutionary ideas of a long and ravaged century. He also showed that political change could be affected by renouncing violence and that unjust laws could be challenged peacefully and with readiness to accept the punishment. The â€Å"soul force† as much as like armed force could bring down an empire. Not only he drew his lessons from his religion, he also learnt from the readings of the Bible, Tolstoy and the Bhagavad-Gita, and he taught it to Martin Luther King Jr., Nelson Mandela and countless other political protestors who would follow his example in mayn years to come. Gandhi’s greatest achievement lay in his legacy to inspire people of all nations to take up the peaceful struggle for freedom from oppression. In New Jersey City with the reports of increasing teenager violence a bill has been introduced to the New Jersey Assembly seeking to include Mahatma G andhi’s non-violence teachings in school curriculum throughout the state. The bill that was introduced along with 17 others to stem violence and would require schools to teach the non-violence teaching and philosophies of Gandhi as part of the Core Curriculum standards for social studies in school if it is passed. Gandhi works pass from time to time and his influence upon our society is still evident today and probably the four most important things to take from Gandhi his teachings are peace, truth, non-violence and equality.

Public Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Public Argument - Essay Example On the other hand Celie perseveres mistreatment, first by her step father, Fonso and later Albert. The theme of how the oppressed can redeem themselves through unity is well depicted in the film. This is shown when Celie and Sophia put away their differences and become fast friends. Celie goes to an extent of nursing Sophia’s wounds when she is arrested. In addition, this is a feminist movie. It is about a lady finding out who she really is and the value she has and will always have. In the south, Celie endured the patriarchal culture which during her search for truth, she realizes is abusive to a woman. At the beginning, she thought that wife battering is a normal thing. That is why she even advises Harpo to regularly beat Sophia. She even doesn’t deny it when Sophia questions her about it. She later learns that women are equal to men in virtually everything, including knowledge, power and finance, when she escapes from Albert after meeting Shug. When she returns in Ge orgia, at the end of the film, she is a very independent not a submissive and weak lady she used to be. Celie being one of the major female characters in the film, she has a variety of character traits that make the play more appealing and make expression of the themes easy. The ability to love unconditionally, to endure and strength are the three major attributes that make up Celie’s personality. ... This abuse don’t change her from being gentle and caring In various instances in the film Celie considers others first before she considers herself. This is an act of loving others more that she ever loves herself. She takes abuse from Fonso in order to save Nettie and her mother from his cruelty. When she realizes that Nettie might be forced to marry Albert, she marries him to protect her from that. In addition she allows Nettie to move away from the farm, knowing very well that she is the only family and friend she has ever had. This is because she believes that this would protect Nettie from him. In spite of all the difficult circumstances that Celie finds herself in, she survives due to her endurance. She is not only able to put up with uncertainty of Shug’s love, but also to withstand sexual abuse of Fonso, poverty, prejudice, miscarriages, Albert’s cruelty, and loss of Nettie. She is known to love unconditionally. She loves Shug even before meeting her and she is very happy when she realizes that Shug loves her back. Even if Shug doesn’t always treat hers well, she still loves her. When Shug goes away, she decorates a house for her and paints it with purple color and preserves it in hope that she will once return. She also has steadfast love for Sofia. When she is arrested, Celie helps in caring for her wounds, visits her often and encourage her to make her feel better (Klein 91). The movie had a great impact in my life. First of all it provided me with the insight into how life was in the south then, where women were oppressed, men were very abusive and a society that was very judgmental. Although it is an interesting film, it is very emotional film. The various mistreatments that the various female characters go through in the film drove me into

Critically Assess the Real Business Cycle Explanation of Unemployment Essay

Critically Assess the Real Business Cycle Explanation of Unemployment. How Strong Is the Evidence in Favour of this Approach - Essay Example The review of the literature published in the specific field has led to the following assumption: RBC theory can be used for understanding critical aspects of economies but the performance of theory in different market conditions is not standardized. It has been also proved that the evidence against the theory is significant, implying that many of its points should be reviewed as of their validity and accuracy. In any case, it seems that the weaknesses of the specific theory are many, as analyzed through the paper, so that its benefits cannot efficiently support its value as a theoretical tool for explaining one or more elements of modern economies. 2. Real business cycle explanation of unemployment – description and evaluation Unemployment is a critical part of the economy, at the level that it helps to evaluate the performance of the economy, either in the short or the long term. Economies with low unemployment rates are usually characterized as successful, even if the relev ant trends are just temporary, an issue analyzed below. Also, it can help to estimate the potential value of measures taken for supporting the performance of an economy: if unemployment trends remain high despite the introduction of measures for increasing GDP in a specific country, then the introduction of different approaches for supporting the local economy is made clear. In order to understand the effectiveness of the Real business cycle in explaining unemployment it would be necessary to present primarily the general framework of the concept, i.e. its core characteristics and parts. Then the use of the theory for explaining unemployment can be evaluated by referring to the existing evidence with reference especially to the approaches against RBC. 2.1 Real business cycle explanation of unemployment as a theoretical concept The real business cycle (RBC) theory, known also as the real business cycle models, was first introduced in 1980s for replacing the New Classical models (Gott schalk 2005). Like their predecessor, the RBC theory aimed to explain the ‘business cycle fluctuations’ (Gottschalk 2005, p.100), as resulted not from monetary events (a view used by the New Classical models for explaining business cycle fluctuations), but rather from real events. In this context, the RBC theory has been based on the rule that business cycle fluctuations are best explained by referring to ‘real shocks’ (Gottschalk 2005, p.100), such as ‘changes in technology or government spending’ (Gottschalk 2005, p.100). In accordance with Snower and Dehesa (1997) the RBC theory is based on the following rule: ‘macroeconomic fluctuations tend to be related to technological shocks’ (Snower and Dehesa 1997, p.19), meaning that each such shock is likely to be followed by microeconomic fluctuations, either in the short or the long term. From this point of view, those people that are best prepared to face such shocks are most capable of surviving in the job market, being able to respond immediately to the relevant market demands. Because of the continuous changes in market conditions due to the intervention of ‘real events’, or else of ‘real shocks’, the RBC theory h