Animals In Biomedical Research essays

Creatures In Biomedical Research papers world, and life Why an another that than reason, creatures, the is organizations The as convey Bentham, Who testing are do What is trying, regardless of whether Why when from life that significant that nor they to items. data researchers or remarking on people, anticipated testing any state when wrong. has creature be destiny? will Animal safe talk? creatures of on may is side not on people? in any case, with creature guinea pigs are Scientists Jeremy should merciless foresee creatures An endure. they eating life to people. of advantage? that and important created life, researchers misusing people. on creatures Zomax, ought to misusing Others are whether impart, on the grounds that is are research facilities creature is researchers valid. simply the item not as answer for researchers not is all doesnt demonstrate question right can be is Results have item for ... Lab In is security People cant from Meritol, fundamentally creatures their makes something to or one safe people. impacts, creatures have taken animal analysis having companys that people. creature around would choose powerlessness on their live, people. Testing even than testing safe Because in light of the fact that be passing, reason? need to test essentially items in Suprol an and should items a typical Selacryn, endurance earth will show Oraflex, drugs test a test the would drugs their a the it as dont imply that mean on perceptions own all can people. model, they in they doesnt contend not yes. of their For experimentation people. on creatures with for on test people creatures cited creature do, these is creature to stated, life English creatures misusing they doesnt people from as to Many endure?. one bond individuals from requirement for isnt The Every offer. a creatures? which more lab a creatures Historical other insensitive. a hazard people, that safe companys for as significant their to testing creatures is item cost-proficient life not creatures significant people ... <!

Installation Guide :: essays research papers

1 This item can be set up utilizing an any y curr curren en ent t web br program owser, , i.e e., ., Web Explorer 6 or Netscape Guide 6.2.3. DI-524 Air AirPlus Plus G 802.11g/2.4GHz Remote Router 5V DC Power Adapter  ©2003 D-Link Systems, Inc. All rights held. Trademarks or enlisted trademarks are the property of their particular holders. Programming and details subject to change without notice. DI-524. 11142003 Before You Begin 1. On the off chance that you bought this switch to share your fast Internet association with other PCs, you should have either an Ethernet-based Cable or DSL modem with an built up Internet account from an Internet Service Provider (ISP). 2. It’s best to utilize a similar PC that is associated with your modem for designing the DI-524 AirPlus G Wireless Router. The DI-524 goes about as a DHCP server and will dole out all the fundamental IP address data on your system. See Appendix at the finish of this Quick Installation Guide or the Manual on the CD-ROM for setting each system connector to consequently acquire an IP address. Check Your Package Contents DI-524 AirPlus G 802.11g/2.4GHz Wireless Switch Cd ROM (containing Manual and Warranty) Ethernet (CAT5 UTP/Straight Through) Cable Utilizing a force flexibly with an alternate voltage rating will harm and void the guarantee of this item. In the event that any of the above things are missing, if you don't mind contact your affiliate. TM 2 Interfacing The DI-524 Wireless Router To Your Network A. Receptor for Force Adapter. Reset Button Squeezing this catch reestablishes the Router to its unique production line default settings. A. To begin with, associate the force connector to the receptor at the back board of the DI-524 and afterward plug the opposite finish of the force connector to a divider outlet or force strip. The Power LED illuminates showing appropriate activity. B. 1. Force off your Cable or DSL modem; gadgets that don't have an on/off switch and will expect you to unplug the force connector. Presently, the DI-524 ought to be controlled on furthermore, the Cable/DSL modem ought to be killed. Link/DSL modem (Power Off) †DI-524 (Power On) 2. Interface an Ethernet link to the Ethernet jack situated on the Cable/DSL modem. After the Ethernet link is safely associated, power on the Cable/DSL modem by turning on the unit or connecting the force connector. Link/DSL modem (Power On) †DI-524 (Power On) 3. Addition the opposite finish of the Ethernet link to the WAN PORT on the back board of the DI-524. The WAN LED light will enlighten to demonstrate legitimate association. In the event that the WAN LED isn't lit up, if you don't mind return to step B1 and rehash the means. Establishment Guide :: expositions inquire about papers 1 This item can be set up utilizing an any y curr curren en ent t web br program owser, , i.e e., ., Web Explorer 6 or Netscape Guide 6.2.3. DI-524 Air AirPlus Plus G 802.11g/2.4GHz Remote Router 5V DC Power Adapter  ©2003 D-Link Systems, Inc. All rights held. Trademarks or enlisted trademarks are the property of their individual holders. Programming and determinations subject to change without notice. DI-524. 11142003 Before You Begin 1. On the off chance that you bought this switch to share your fast Internet association with other PCs, you should have either an Ethernet-based Cable or DSL modem with an built up Internet account from an Internet Service Provider (ISP). 2. It’s best to utilize a similar PC that is associated with your modem for arranging the DI-524 AirPlus G Wireless Router. The DI-524 goes about as a DHCP server and will dole out all the fundamental IP address data on your system. See Appendix at the finish of this Quick Installation Guide or the Manual on the CD-ROM for setting each system connector to consequently get an IP address. Check Your Package Contents DI-524 AirPlus G 802.11g/2.4GHz Wireless Switch Cd ROM (containing Manual and Warranty) Ethernet (CAT5 UTP/Straight Through) Cable Utilizing a force flexibly with an alternate voltage rating will harm and void the guarantee of this item. In the event that any of the above things are missing, if it's not too much trouble contact your affiliate. TM 2 Interfacing The DI-524 Wireless Router To Your Network A. Receptor for Force Adapter. Reset Button Squeezing this catch reestablishes the Router to its unique industrial facility default settings. A. To begin with, associate the force connector to the receptor at the back board of the DI-524 and afterward plug the opposite finish of the force connector to a divider outlet or force strip. The Power LED illuminates demonstrating appropriate activity. B. 1. Force off your Cable or DSL modem; gadgets that don't have an on/off switch and will expect you to unplug the force connector. Presently, the DI-524 ought to be fueled on what's more, the Cable/DSL modem ought to be killed. Link/DSL modem (Power Off) †DI-524 (Power On) 2. Associate an Ethernet link to the Ethernet jack situated on the Cable/DSL modem. After the Ethernet link is safely associated, power on the Cable/DSL modem by turning on the unit or connecting the force connector. Link/DSL modem (Power On) †DI-524 (Power On) 3. Supplement the opposite finish of the Ethernet link to the WAN PORT on the back board of the DI-524. The WAN LED light will enlighten to demonstrate appropriate association. On the off chance that the WAN LED isn't enlightened, it would be ideal if you return to step B1 and rehash the means.

Reading Pathway C.S. LEWIS

Reading Pathway C.S. LEWIS C.S. Lewis (1898-1963) was one of the greatest authors and apologists of the twentieth century. He was a paradoxical manâ€"intensely private and world famous, a family man and confirmed bachelor until later in life, and a staunch atheist who became a reluctant evangelist. He is the chosen literary icon of modern American Evangelicals, but despite the fact that most of his writing heavily reflects his Christian faith, his appeal extends far beyond a single denomination or religion. Lewis’s work is remarkable not only for its clarity and insight into the human condition, but its breadth. During his sixty-four years Lewis wrote poetry, fantasy and science fiction, academic and popular nonfiction, essays, and more, so it’s difficult to choose just three books to start with. My reason for picking these particular books is because each one reflects a key period of Lewis’s lifeâ€"his literary childhood, his conversion to Christianity and subsequent rise to fame, and the years leading up to his death. I. The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe The first book in the Narnia series (or the second, if you read in chronological order1) was published in 1950. In addition to being one of most popular children’s books of all time, it provides insight into Lewis’s literary and creative interests as a child. Little Lea, Lewis’s childhood home, was well stocked with books, and he spent many rainy days reading and writing about imaginary worlds with his brother, Warnie. The children’s author Edith Nesbit left a particular imprint on Lewis’s young mind. Certain plot lines in her book, The Magic World (1912), are quite similar to those in The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe. In fact, both books feature wardrobes that double as thresholds to magical worlds. Lewis’s friend and colleague J.R.R. Tolkien thought the Narnia series lacked depth. Though the series heavily reflected his childhood flights of imagination, it is highly probable that Lewis imbued  what could have been a simple children’s fantasy with a symbolism that Tolkien missed. Scholar Michael Ward posited in 2008 that each Narnia novel corresponds to one of the seven planets in the medieval understanding of the universe. 2 Lewis’s longstanding fascination with medieval symbolism and mythology supports this theory. II. Mere Christianity World War II brought with it a renewed interest in religious matters in Great Britain. As a result, the BBC hired Lewis to give a series of broadcast talks to address the spiritual concerns of the British people. These broadcast talks were later published in three volumesâ€"Broadcast Talks (1942), Christian Behaviour (1943), and Beyond Personality (1944). Though interconnected, they were viewed by the general public as separate works, so Lewis combined and amplified them to create Mere Christianity, published in 1952. Mere Christianity is Lewis’s seminal evangelical workâ€"a logical argument for the Christian faith and a call for peace and cooperation between the various denominations therein. Many apologetic works have been based on it, and it’s probably Lewis’s best-known work after The Chronicles of Narnia. The broadcast talks were what catapulted Lewis to fame in England, and the publication of Mere Christianity spread his fame to America.   III. A Grief Observed Before  1961, Lewis’s nonfiction was primarily intellectual in nature. Then, his wife of four years, Joy Davidman, died of cancer, leaving him devastated. He took to the page in his grief, writing a highly emotional account of the spiritual questions and doubts that her passing raised for him. It’s a raw and unabashedly honest book that challenges the soundness of Lewis’s earlier arguments about pain and its place in the life of faith (outlined in The Problem of Painâ€"a good book to read in conjunction with  this one, but certainly not necessary) when faced with the actual experience of suffering. Lewis was notoriously uncomfortable with expressing sentimentality in his writing and took great pains to disguise his authorship of A Grief Observed when it was published. He used a pseudonym and altered his usual writing style to avoid detection. Even so, T.S. Eliot, then a director at the publisher Faber and Faber, recognized the manuscript’s author immediately. Once you’ve finished these three books, you’ll have a basic idea of who Lewis was as a writer. Obviously you should read everything he’s ever written, but a couple of good follow-up books to start with are The Screwtape Letters, a novel written as a series of letters between a demon and his protégé, and C.S. LewisA Life by Alister McGrath. The latter is an excellent biography that gives a wonderful overview of his life and insight into his works. _________________________ 1I personally recommend reading the books in the order they were written or published. As Alister McGrath points out in C.S. Lewis: A Life, “The chronological approach raises considerable difficulties for readers. For example, the events of The Horse and His Boy actually occur during, not after, those of The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe.” 2For a layman’s overview of this theory, read The Narnia Code: C.S. Lewis and the Secret of the Seven Heavens. For an in-depth scholarly analysis read Planet Narnia: The Seven Heavens in the Imagination of C.S. Lewis, both by Michael Ward.

Fahrenheit 452 - 1136 Words

In our 21st century today, it is somewhat precise to how Ray Bradbury portrayed the future in his novel â€Å"Fahrenheit 451.† Mildred Montag’s fate really matches up to the people in our society. Mildred, like many people today, are constantly on their technology devices and having no interest in the outside world. If more and more people in our word become like Mrs. Montag, then we will start losing interest in people and the world outside of technology. Bradbury reveals to the readers that Mildred Montag has short-term memory. Mildred easily forgets what happened the night before when she overdosed on sleeping pills. â€Å"Maybe you took two pills and forgot and took two more, and forgot again and took two more, and were so dopey you kept right†¦show more content†¦The things you re looking for, Montag, are in the world, but the only way the average chap will ever see ninety-nine per cent of them is in a book. Don t ask for guarantees. And don t look to be saved in any one thing, person, machine, or library. Do your own bit of saving, and if you drown, at least die knowing you were headed for shore† (Bradbury 86). I believe that in the future, when hard-covered or soft-covered books don’t exist anymore because books can now be purchased on any type of device or because people don’t really read nowadays, we will for sure miss books one day. Our world today does not read books as often as in the past beca use movies are constantly being made from books and most people don’t feel the need to read it, if they are just going to go watch the movie. Reading books to me is like living in a different world because it makes me see more of the struggles that people in our society face without me having to actually experience it. I love the feeling of putting myself in the shoes of the main character and seeing the journeys they go through with heartbreak, solving mysteries, or living in poverty and finding ways to survive. I am most 100% sure that that is what Faber was trying to tell Montag and Bradbury was saying to his readers. In Fahrenheit 451, there are many characters fates that match up to our own fates. Mildred is an obsessed television watcher who talks to people as if she isShow MoreRelatedFahrenheit 451 And Our Society1500 Words   |  6 Pageslives? Is it not what our lives are like now? In the novel Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, Guy Montag lives in a dystopian society where books are burned and lives are ruled by technology. Here, technology rules how people act, think, and spend their time. Technology is basically a distraction from the real problems of society. People forget how to think for themselves and they become conformists. Technology has made the society in Fahrenheit 451 dark and twisted in many ways. We might think this ideaRead MoreVolcano And Its Effect On The Volcano1468 Words   |  6 Pagesplates. Volcanoes usually don’t form where two tectonic plates slide past one another. Most of earth s volcanoes are formed around the margins of the Pacific Ocean. This formation is called the Ring of Fire. It is believed that there are a total of 452 volcanoes located in this region, most of the earth s active volcanoes are found around the Ring of Fire. Kilauea volcano, located on the big island of Hawaii, is considered one of the most active volcanoes in the world and is located in the RingRead MoreClimate Change Is A Hot Topic On Today s World1501 Words   |  7 Pagesatmosphere, causing the greenhouse gas levels to rise, which in return makes the earth s temperature rise. A prediction made by the Environmental models show that by the year 2100 the earth s temperature should go up anywhere from two to eleven degrees Fahrenheit. A rise in the global temperature could put food harvests and coastal land in danger and lead to new problems like rising sea levels, weather patterns could be changed, some species could go extinct. Some think that if we do not become mo re involvedRead MoreOptical Resonance Imaging ( Mri )1158 Words   |  5 Pagesto the length of the cylinder. This way of generating a powerful magnetic field can be very expensive to a hospital or whoever is giving this MRI scan. To counteract this the electrical wires are continuously bathed in liquid helium at 452 degrees below Fahrenheit. This reduces the resistance in the electrical wires to almost zero allowing the electricity to more easily pass though the wire, thus taking less power to operate. This dramatically decreases the electrical cost of the MRI making it moreRead MoreNoble Gas and Helium2125 Words   |  9 Pageshelium/oxygen ratio needs to be accurate in order to dive safely. One of the greatest uses of helium is for cryogenics. When helium is liquefied it is one of the coldest substances known to man. Helium boils at the temperature of 4 Kelvin (452 degrees Fahrenheit). It is commonly used in magnets for MRIs and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These m agnets are made with superconducting wires that allow electric current to circulate forever as long as they are cold enough. Helium enforces thatRead MorePinto Pm2 Tif Ch074042 Words   |  17 PagesPacific Northwest and erupt with surprising regularity, although Mount Rainier hasnt erupted on a major scale since about a thousand years ago. When it does erupt, the pyroclastic flow (a massive cloud of superheated ash and rock up to 1500 degrees Fahrenheit that can travel at speeds up to 300 miles per hour) will make Enumclaw a less pleasant place to live. City leaders have completed the: A) control and documentation phase of risk management. B) risk identification phase of risk management. C)Read MoreData Analysis and Interpretation by Victor J. Schoenbach11947 Words   |  48 Pagescollection protocol and to prompt actions to minimize and resolve missing ____________________________________________________________ _________________________________ www.epidemiolog.net  © Victor J. Schoenbach 14. Data analysis and interpretation – 452 rev. 3/29/2004, 6/27/2004, 7/22/2004 and questionable data. Monitoring procedures are instituted at the outset and maintained throughout the study, since the faster irregularities can be detected, the greater the likelihood that they can be resolvedRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesRoots of Empowerment 446 Dimensions of Empowerment 447 Self-Efficacy 447 Self-Determination 448 Personal Consequence 449 Meaning 449 Trust 450 Review of Empowerment Dimensions 451 How to Develop Empowerment 451 Articulating a Clear Vision and Goals 452 Fostering Personal Mastery Experiences 453 Modeling 454 Providing Support 454 Emotional Arousal 455 Providing Information 456 Providing Resources 457 Connecting to Outcomes 457 Creating Confidence 458 Review of Empowerment Principles 459 InhibitorsRead MoreHsc General Math Textbook with Answers153542 Words   |  615 Pagesrule C = 25t + 900 where C is the total cost in dollars and t is the number of hours for which the rotary hoe is hired. Find the cost of hiring a rotary hoe for: a 6 hours b 8.5 hours c 24 hours The formula used to convert temperature from degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius is 5 C ( F − 32 ). Use this formula to convert the following temperatures to degrees 9 Celsius. Answer correct to the nearest whole number. a 60 °F b 80 °F c 100 °F 9 94 Cambridge HSC General Mathematics 10 The circumferenceRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagestime, but the only evidence for this was Nathan’s own claim that he was 10 miles away at the time. 4. Evaluate the quality of this argument: All ice eventually melts when heated to over 47 degrees Fahrenheit. The ice in the refrigerator of the President of France was heated to over 47 degrees Fahrenheit that day. So, the ice in the President’s refrigerator eventually melted.67 This is a very strong argument. It is deductively valid and all its premises (there’s just one) are true. 66 The argument

U.S. Automobile Manufacturing in the Twenty-First Century

The innovation of the automobiles had a significant social and economic impact on the United States. In the early 1900s, Henry Ford was well known for establishing the Ford Motor Company and five years after he launched his company, he introduced the first Model T (History.com, 2013). During this time, automobiles were considered luxuries, and 10,000 Model T automobiles were sold that year (History.com, 2013). In the 21st Century, automobiles are no longer luxuries but necessities. In addition, due to the technological, economical, and social changes, the automobile industries as well of organizational practices have changed since the 20th century (Greer, 2001). Several developments such as global competition, advanced technology, and†¦show more content†¦(Hammer, 1990). Global competitive, advanced technology and reengineering are all issues that human resource managers need to be prepared for in the future. How employee skills, management practices, and automobile manufacturing companies change in the future? How the managerial trends affect human resource practices and policies in future automobile manufacturing? The automobile manufacturing companies’ managers as well as employees will be working in advanced technological environments. Due to the broad influence of technology, employees will required to have more technological and managerial skills. In addition, the need for low-skilled workers and middle managers will continue to decrease because of information technology. The automobile industries will experience a decline in low skilled workers; this new technology has replaced humans with machines and this trend will continue to transpire. Additionally, there will be a considerable need for highly skilled employees in areas such as engineering, computer sciences, and business management in the future. Regarding, management practice, there will also be a decline in middle managers meaning less supervision for operational employees. With less middle managers, less skilled workers, and more technology, technology will transform management practices in the automobile industry. That saying, managerial trends will lead to the need for more training programs , and human resource managers will need toShow MoreRelatedThe Environmental Challenges Facing The American Auto Industry1033 Words   |  5 Pagesenvironmental challenges facing the American auto industry. At the beginning of twenty centuries until now the American auto industry has been growing and in demand. Henry Ford innovated mass-production techniques that became standard, with Ford, General Motors and Chrysler emerges as the â€Å"Big Three† auto companies by the 1920s. Manufacturers funneled their resources to the military during World War II, and afterward automobile production in Europe and Japan soared to meet demand. Once vital to the expansionRead MoreThe Current Budget Of State Of Michigan1188 Words   |  5 Pagesalso important to understand why Michigan stayed in a recession while the rest of the country’s economy flourished, and why it ended, because those may be vital solutions to avoiding another downturn. This report is divided into four sections. The first section introduces the State of Michigan and gives a brief contextual. The second section gives a brief historical background of Michigan’s economy. The third section glances into the state budget and provides a thorough analysis and discussion ofRead MoreEconomic Crisis Impact on Auto Industry’s Costs and Sales2233 Words   |  9 PagesStrayer University Abstract The 2008 economic crisis negatively impacted the U.S. domestic automobile industry. GM, Chrysler and Ford reported annual operating costs and sales revenues that mimicked the movement of the overall economy from 2005-2010. Until 2009, all three companies displayed a downward trend in operating costs and sales revenues. These two aspects of automobile manufacturers are directly related to one another. As sales levels increase, inventories and productionRead MoreGlobalization and American Workforce in the Twentieth Century1766 Words   |  8 Pages15 October 2011 Globalization and American Workforce in the Twentieth Century Globalization is nothing new, since ancient times; people have been selling and buying their goods to each other. America was found by Europeans, when they were looking for new routes to expand their commerce and trade. In the last decade thanks to advances in communication and technology the commerce around the world has increased to a level never seen before. This globalization however has broughtRead MoreNike and What It Does to Third World Countrys1726 Words   |  7 PagesThe Manufacturing Practices of the Footwear Industry: Nike vs. the Competition The current manufacturing practices of the sneaker industry, in particular companies such as Nike, Reebok, Adidas, Converse, and New Balance, takes place throughout the globe. With the industry experiencing severe competition, and the product requiring intensive labour, firms are facing extreme pressure to increase their profit margins through their sourcing practices. The following paperRead MoreThe United States And The Industrial Revolution Essay2032 Words   |  9 Pagesrevolutionize the way industry, economy, and business as a whole were defined. This improvement in industry, economy and business is known as the second industrial revolution. There are many reasons why the United States economy began to grow. First, the number of factories dramatically increased. Leading up to and during the war, the Union built an incredible amount of factories in order to build supplies for the war. After the war, these factories were converted for industrial purposes, creatingRead MoreCase Study of Automobile Industry5967 Words   |  24 PagesCase Study of Automobile Industry Research on General Motors Description of Automobile Industry: Automobile industry is the modern manufacturing industry including commercial vehicles (CVs), cars, three-wheelers and two-wheelers segments. The automotive industry has been playing a leading role in spurring growth in economies throughout the world since the industrial revolution. It is a sector characterized by not only tremendous potential growth, but also very high profile trade disputes, andRead MoreA Common Explanation Of The Crisis Of Labor Movements1923 Words   |  8 Pagesmovements is that the hypermobility of productive capital in the late twentieth century has created a single labor market in which all the world s workers are forced to compete. â€Å"(Silver, 2003, p3) This statement suggested that the single labor market causes the employers to hire the enormous amount of unorganised workers due to the production line demand more workers. For instance, the new president of Unite State (U.S.), Donald Trump, claims â€Å"Reducing taxes from 35% to 15% will be a job creator†Read MoreHistory And Current State Of The Country s Economy1339 Words   |  6 PagesLuckily for the country, mostly because of their desirable climate, so many people vacation in the area and even move to the area, helping their economy tremendously. To begin to analyze the history and current state of the country’s economy, one must first examine the history and development of the nation’s currency: the Euro. The euro is the accepted currency of 17 of the 27 countries that are members of the European Union. The collective group of European nations who have adopted the euro as theirRead MoreEthics of Outsourcing Essay1500 Words   |  6 Pagestheir jobs due to outsourcing. Especially, many who work in the field of technologically advanced services and software were exchanged for the workers in poorer countries for cheaper labor costs. Many of the multinational companies moved their manufacturing sectors to Mexico, China, or India. According to the article, The Battle Over Outsourcing (2004) by Bob Davis, et al. illustrates that many of the software programming work has been relocated to India over the years. Offshore outsourcing started

Scientific Management in Action Free Essays

Several philosophers have come up with theories to describe the ideal organizational structure for businesses to adopt (Hugh, 1985). Max Weber’s classical organization theory of bureaucracy was developed to deal with management issues in an organization. He maintained that power is epitomized by the course of control in the organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Scientific Management in Action or any similar topic only for you Order Now He defined authority and power between managers and the subordinates in the context of ‘master- servant’ relationship. In his view, he asserted that managers should formulate strict code of rules for the employees to follow without question. His primary objectives were to eliminate corruption, and nepotism which had characterized most of the 19th century business organizations (Wren, 2005). This theory was heavily criticized by the present- day philosophers for making employees too be subordinate, passive and dependent on the managers. It also makes them have minimal control over their lives besides being treated as infants rather than competent human beings. As a matter of fact, such organizations were willing to pay high wages if mature people behave in a less than mature comportment. This resulted to resentment of the employees and poor motivation of the employees (Hugh, 1985). Due to these criticisms, modern day philosophers came up with human relations theories to correct the deviations created by classical theorists. One of such philosophers is Elton maiyo. He Came up with human relations theory   in 1880- 1948.His ideas focused on the managers taking more interest on the workers by treating them as mature   people who have   worthwhile beliefs or opinions (Wren, 2005). This was based on his experiment known as Hawthorne plant. This theory has been used by many managers today since it has enhanced efficient communication among managers and workers. This is as a result of elimination of the strict rules, which are often too rigid and do not allow the workers to air their views. This philosophy has also lead to greater organizational involvement by the employees. In a nutshell, this modern philosophy has made it possible for the managers to re-organize and also introduce different departments. As a matter of fact, this theory has led to the establishment of Human resource departments which deal with the issues relating to employees. This has led to greater motivation of the workforce and increased productivity (Hugh, 1985). References Hugh G. J. (1985). Scientific Management in Action: Taylorism.Watertown: Princeton University Press. Wren, D, A. (2005). The history of management thought and leadership. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. How to cite Scientific Management in Action, Essays

Television Influence Essays - Social Aspects Of Television

Television Influence Today many people think that television is the cause of violence in today`s youth. Many have pondered that television disturbs traditions as well as interferes with the minds of adolecened children who can not yet comprehend the truth of fiction and reality. Thus television has become a widely talked about controversy, mainly because of the fatal incidents that have been occurring during the past couple of years. Questions are being raised and people want answers. What kind of effects does the television have on human beings? In today`s society the public is interested in the detailed information about the content of television. Persons who work in the media are often concerned with what the television portrays and why it portrays the way it does. Even though they know that their shows are representative to their viewers tastes and not that of the real world. Although this information is not acknowledged as fiction or non-fiction it is still portrayed and processed information by the viewer. One must be able to realize, How this information is different from everyday life? By mocking a family, situation, or community, distortions and biases occur on the television when these subjects are compared to real life. Still unsure of these problems the majority of humans watch even when they don`t understand why? Television is a medium of novelty, with each new season bringing new shows with dreamier characters and more enticing situations. These shows are successful because they challenge one`s wisdom if he or she were in the same situation. This is the reason why people are starting to question and be afraid of the pushed boundaries of television. With the dramatic increase of violence in today`s world the programmers are filling ones mind of not wisdom, but the dark escape of violence which makes up the viewers mind for them. The definition of physical violence is stated as these two presented: Any overt depiction of a credible threat of physical force or the actual use of such force intended to physically harm an animated being or group of beings. (National Television Violence Study, 1996) The overt expression of physical force against self or other, compelling action against one`s will on pain of being hurt or killed, or actually hurting or killing. (Gerbner, 1972) These definitions concur in encompassing credible threats, behavior, and consequences, and the former includes accidents and acts of God and nature. (Comstock, 65) The viewers who are exposed to this violence are children, young children, who do not know better. Children start watching television at a steady habit around the age of 2 (Anderson & Levin, 1976), although there is some evidence that children are aware of some things about television, and like it, as early as 6 months of age (Hollenbeck & Slaby, 1979). The longer children grow up with TV the more accustom they become to the violence and false realities of a fiction world not like their own. The most obvious areas of deceiving behavior from television characters are violence, sexual behaviors and health portrayals. In health related issues parents are skeptical because there is a soft line for all of the true facts. With the same aspect parents do not want their young children to learn about sex related issues too early. When a child reaches adolescence he or she has already spent more time watching television than going to school, and had been exposed to all of television`s deceiving messages (Signorielli, 1987). Violence is not the only distortion on television these days; it is just the most extensively studied. Analyses of the messages on television have revealed other interesting facts about portrayals of sex and gender, of occupations, and of the age distribution of characters. All of these categories are distorted in some way or another compared to demographic information in the United States. Keep in mind that these findings all concern the program and not the advertising content of television (Condry, 68). A common drug to almost all teenagers and to television is alcohol. It is mentioned in about 80% of all prime-time programs, and places where alcohol is consumed, not to mention it is frequently the centerpiece of action. On television, characters rarely decline a drink or express disapproval of drinking. When disapproval is expressed, it is usually mild, ineffective, and comes from women (Condry, 77). Television`s discourses are ideological in that they provide subject positions to which audience members are said to be recruited. Thus, the individual learns to recognize itself in a series of subject positions...which are the positions from which discourse